So! Black Holes! My favorite topic! Why is it my favorite topic? Well try to imagine one. Try to imagine a single point in time and space. A place where time slows down. A place where so much mass is packed into one infinitesimal space the gravitational pull is so strong that nothing, not even light can escape. The grand mystery which is a Black Hole is what intrigues me.
If a star has enough mass when it goes into a supernova, even after it goes into neutron star phase, the gravitational force is still enough to continue crushing it. This crushing will continue until the star gets down to such a small size it exists pretty much as a single point (really, really small). This point has such a small size and such a high mass, its gravitational force becomes so great that it starts to suck in all surrounding mass (this can be proved through the equation Gm/r^2)n and even begins to suck in light. Because it absorbs all light it is viewed as a perfectly black circle (hence the name Black Hole).
A Black Hole is comprised of three main parts: The singularity, the Schwarzchild Radius, and the Event Horizon.
I have discussed the singularity before. It is a tiny object of infinite heat and density. It is found at the center of a Black Hole. Simple as that!
The Schwarzchild Radius is the distance from the singularity where the escape velocity is equal to that of the speed of light. This is what puts the "Black" in Black Hole for if light cannot escape than there is nothing for us to see!
The Event Horizon is simply the outer boundaries of the Schwarzchild Radius. It's also referred to as "The point of no return", for once and object enters the Event Horizon it cannot escape.
Arg! This is so hard to explain well by typing! There are so many awesome formulas and stuff I want to show but it would really just end up being a pile of mumbo-jumbo if i attempted to use it in typed words. I may have a solution, I am going to attempt to make some videos to just show any equations that help to prove what I am saying. It's not a guarantee but I am going to try. Back to Black Holes!
Now Black Holes love to eat light and matter but something else that is on the main menu of delicacies for a Black Hole is time. Its hard to imagine how something can warp time. I have come to a conclusion it's just something I have to accept rather than question it. If you dropped a clock into a Black Hole and watched it, the hands would move slower and slower, time would get slower and slower as the clock went deeper into the Black Hole. The clock would also experience Spaghettification (which I mentioned in my last blog) and Redshift. This redshift is a result of the light of the clock being moved towards the lower end of the spectra (red) this is due to the lower frequencies of light that are occurring due to the effects of the Black Hole.
Now here is a nice question, do Black Holes ever die? The answer is YES! Around the Event Horizon of a Black Hole, particles are being emitted. Everytime a particle is emitted, some energy is lost (I think this is related to matter and antimatter particles but I'm not 100% sure). To prove this there is an equation that is derived using a few very fun little equations such as: Stefan-Boltzmann Constant, Hawking Radiation Temperature, Schwarzchild Radius Equation, and Stefan-Boltzmann Power Law. These give an equation which allows you to find how much energy is being emitted from the Black Hole. You can then take the derivative of Einsteins mass-energy equation, set it equal to an little equation for Power, rearrange, integrate, then do some fun little algebraic manipulations (bazinga, the algebra is ridiculous) and get an equation which allows you to solve for time, exciting eh? It's not as exciting when you spend a long time actually learning to derive this......
I think this is enough Black Holes for now, I have some more I will cover next time I do a blog post.
-MrAstrowhat
Food for thought: Derivations suck
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